In C"te D'Ivoire, Ademola Araoye explores the internal complexities of the Ivorian crisis within the context of international engagement. Bold formulations emerge on the structure of the post-colonial state and its immediate external environment. The environment is populated by distinct units: formal states, proto states and transnational communities struggling for control. The trajectory of the Ivorian crisis is impacted by France's drive to correct policy failures and re-impose its authority in its pre carr‚.