This history framework is organized by the chronological order of European colonization and the policy created by the United States' government and its citizens toward Native Americans. The following time periods and United States policies constitute this framework.
Pre-Columbian history
1493 - 1778 Colonization: Doctrine of Discovery (Destruction)
1783 - 1887 Removal, genocide, & reservations
1887 - 1934 Allotment, boarding schools, & forced assimilation
1934 - 1946 Tribal reorganization
1946 - 1961 Termination & urban relocation
1961 - 1980s Self-determination
1980s- pres. Sovereignty & self-governance
Painting by Carson Waterman, member of the Snipe Clan, Seneca Nation of Indians. Painting, Hanley Library, first floor.