Here is a list, by no means comprehensive, of notable artists by century. You can start by searching books and image databases for these artists and discover others from there.
Browse the Timeline of Art History from the Metropolitan Museum of Art to learn more about art movements and key artists/works.
13th Century - Pietro Cavallini, Duccio di Buoninsegna, Giotto di Bondone
14th Century - Pietro Lorenzetti, Simone Martini
15th Century - Fra Angelico, Hieronymus Bosch, Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Durer, Michaelangelo Buonarroti, Raphael, Titian, Jan van Eyck
16th Century - Pieter Bruegel, Caravaggio, El Greco, Hans Holbein the Younger, Jacopo Tintoretto
17th Century - Adriaen Brouwer, Frans Hals, Rembrandt van Rijn, Peter Paul Rubens, Diego Velázquez, Johannes Vermeer
18th Century - John James Audubon, Francois Boucher, John Constable, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Thomas Gainsborough, Francisco Goya, William Hogarth, Jean Antoine Watteau
19th Century - Sir Edward Burne-Jones, Gustave Caillebotte, Mary Cassatt, Paul Cezanne, Marc Chagall, Edgar Degas, Paul Gauguin, Gustav Klimt, Edouard Manet, Sir John Everett Millais, Claude Monet, Edvard Munch, Camille Pissarro, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Auguste Rodin, Dante Gabrielle Rossetti, Henri Rousseau, John Singer Sargent, Georges Seurat, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Vincent Van Gogh, James Abbott McNeill Whistler
20th Century - Salvador Dali, Willem de Kooning, Keith Haring, David Hockney, Edward Hopper, Jasper Johns, Frida Kahlo, Roy Lichtenstein, René Magritte, Henri Matisse, Joan Miró, Amedeo Modigliani, Piet Mondrian, Georgia O'Keeffe, Pablo Picasso, Jackson Pollock, Diego Rivera, Mark Rothko, Julian Schnabel, Andy Warhol, Grant Wood, Andrew Wyeth
Copyright: Charlotte Cubbage of Northwestern University Library
These databases contain in-depth articles and information on this subject.
