Correctly citing information is an essential skill for any academic researcher. Our Major Citation Styles guide provides links to several online style guides covering the basics of correctly citing your sources.
It's often best to consult the official style guides when in doubt. Most ULS libraries will have copies of such popular citation style guides as the American Psychological Association, the Modern Language Association, or the Chicago Manual of Style.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
by 
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers
by 
Chicago Manual of Style ONLINE
Chicago Manual of Style
by Most professors just want to see consistent citing in a single style but you should double-check to see if your professor has a preferred style. To the right are examples of how to cite popular business and management resources in APA style. If you would like more help with APA style or need to cite in Chicago or MLA, please see the links below.
Keep track of all of your reference lists and bibliographies. Pitt's library resources work with citation management tools and allow you to import citations from sources like PITTCat+ and article databases.
For links to other brief online sources which guide you through correctly citing information see the links below.
Examples:
Journal Article - MLA:
Platt, Rutherford H. "The Humane Megacity." Environment 51.4 (2009): 46-59. Academic Search Premier. Web. 7 Feb. 2012.
Journal Article - APA:
Platt, R. H. (2009). The Humane Megacity. Environment 51(4), 46-59.
Journal Article - Chicago/Turabian:
Platt, Rutherford H. "The Humane Megacity." Environment 51, no. 4 (September 2009): 46-59. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed February 7, 2012).
Below are examples of how to cite some popular business resources. The examples are based on our interpretation of APA 6th edition rules. If you take a look at other business resource citation guides, you will find that others interpret the rules differently. You are welcome to follow other guides and their applications of APA rules if you think that makes the information easier to retrieve. Just be consistent!
PASSPORT - the Global Market Information Database (GMID)
Standard & Poor's Industry Survey (S&P Industry Survey)
Company information
Hoover's Inc. (2012, March 6). H.J. Heinz Company. Hoover's Company Records - In-depth records. Retrieved from Academic Lexis-Nexis.
Disclosure Inc. (2011, Sept 6). H.J. Heinz Company. Disclosure SEC Database. Retrieved from Academic Lexis-Nexis.
Articles
Kanter, J. (2011, Dec 13). Google's Acquisition of Motorola Delayed. The New York Times. pp. B5. Retrieved from Academic Lexis-Nexis.
Honda Motor Co. (2011). Annual report 2011. Retrieved from http://www.honda.com
Alcoa Inc. (2011). 2010 Annual report and Form 10-K. Retrieved from MergentOnline.
Company profiles
Gale Group. (2011). Facebook, Inc. [company profile]. Retrieved from Business Insights: Global.
Industry reports
Datamonitor. (2008, April 15). Global-Oil & Gas Exploration & Production. Datamonitor Industry Market Research. Retrieved from Business Insights: Global.
Company histories
Gale Group. (2008). Facebook, Inc. International directory of company histories. Retrieved from Business Insights: Global.
Articles
"Top social networking sites worldwide, 2007" (2007, November 1). Wall Street Journal, p. B3. Reproduced in Market share reporter 2009 . Retrieved from Business Insights: Global.
Encyclopedia
Gale Group. (2011). Social Media. Encyclopedia of emerging industries. Retrieved from Business Insights: Global.
Business Source Complete
Company profiles
Datamonitor. (2011, May 6). Alcoa Inc. [company profile]. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.
Industry reports
Datamonitor (2008). Organic Food Industry Profile: United States. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.
Barnes Reports (2012). U.S. Ship & Boat Building Industry. [industry report]. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.
Articles
Ritter, R. C. (2004). When Offshore Manufacturing Doesn't Make Sense. McKinsey Quarterly, 4, 124. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.
Population data
U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Pittsburgh city, Pennsylvania -- Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010. [table]. 2010 Demographic Profile Data. Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau website http://www.census.gov.
Economic Census
U.S. Census Bureau. (2007). Pennsylvania -- Economy-Wide Key Statistics: 2007. [table]. 2007 Economic Census. Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau website http://www.census.gov.
County Business Patterns
U.S. Census Bureau. (2009). Allegheny County, Pennsylvania -- Geography Area Series: County Business Patterns. [table]. 2009 Business Patterns. Retrieved from U.S. Census Bureau website http://www.census.gov.
Company profiles
Datamonitor. (2011, May 13). Bayerische Motoren Werke company profile. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.
Industry reports
Datamonitor (2008). Organic Food Industry Profile: United States. Retrieved from Business Source Complete.
PASSPORT - the Global Market Information Database (GMID)
Euromonitor. (2012). Market Sizes- Historic- Retail Value RSP- US$mm- Current Prices- Year-on-Year Exchange Rates- Packaged Food. [Statistics]. Retrieved from Global Market Information Database.
Euromonitor. (2011, Dec 1). Annual Study 2011: Generational Differences. Retrieved from Global Market Information Database.
Industry reports
IBIS. (2011, June). Family clothing stores in the US. Retrieved from http://www.ibisworld.com/.
Mergent. (2011). Apple Inc. Company Financials. Retrieved from http://www.mergentonline.com/
Standard & Poor's Industry Survey (S&P Industry Survey)
Standard & Poor's. (2007, November 29). Industry Surveys: Apparel & Footwear. New York: Standard & Poor's.
Oppenheimer & Co., Inc. "Analyst Day Provides Vision, Repositioning Requires a Longer-Term Perspective." October 23, 2010. Retrieved from Thomson Research/Investext.
Value Line. (2004, October 1). Sprint Corporation stock report. Value Line Investment Surveys 60(5): 737. New York: Value Line, Inc.
H.J. Heinz Company. (2011, June 16). Form 10-K. Fiscal year ended April 27, 2011. Retrieved from SEC Edgar website http://www.sec.gov.
Please be aware that plagiarism is a major concern for the University community. Students' written work must be their own. When using ideas that are not your own in your writing, you must cite those ideas.
Proper citations are a critical component of avoiding plagiarism, but there is more to watch out for. Have a look at the library's tutorial, "Avoiding Plagiarism," then please ask a librarian or a professor if you have any more questions about plagiarism.
Within your reports and papers, you may be including charts, statistics and other information uncovered in your research. In addition to your reference list at the end of the paper, it is important to include footnotes/endnotes or in-text citations for this information when you mention it. This will allow your readers (such as your professor and TA's) to easily trace back each piece of information to your credible source, thereby strengthening your argument.
Examples of how to cite books and e-books in APA 6th edition style
Books
By one author
Drucker, Peter (2011). Technology, management, and society. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.
By two authors
Wheeler, A. & Katz, J. (2011). Brand Atlas : Branding intelligence made visible. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
By three to seven authors
Harrington, L.H., Boyson, S., & Corsi, T.M. (2011). X-SCM : the new science of X-treme supply chain management. New York, NY: Routledge.
Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
Rao, A. (2010). Brand Alliances. In. B. Loken, R. Ahluwalia & M.J. Houston (Eds.), Brands and Brand Management. (pp. 43- 61). New York, NY: Routledge.
E-books
Dormeier, B. (2011.) Investing with volume analysis: identify, follow, and profit from trends. Upper Saddle River, NJ: FT Press. Retrieved from Safari Tech Books Online http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com
Organizing your research and putting your ideas down on paper can be difficult. You can get writing help at the Writing Center.
