alternative metrics (altmetrics) - non-traditional ways of measuring research impact that take into account more than just traditional scholarly citations, including appearances on social media, news coverage, online reference managers, etc.

article processing charges (APCs) - fees charged to an author, creator, or institution to cover the cost of publishing an article; most often encountered in open access publishing, in which APCs replace revenue that would have otherwise been collected through subscriptions

author addendum - a supplemental or added agreement to a publishing contract that defines or changes the terms of the contract, often focusing on the transfer of copyright ownership

author fees - fees charged to authors in order to cover the expenses of publication (peer review, journal production, online hosting, and archiving); they may also be referred to as publication fees or page fees and may be separate from article processing charges (APCs)

author self-archiving - depositing a digital document or object in an online repository, often for the purpose of providing public access

bibliometrics - statistical analyses of books, articles, or other publications that are used to track author or researcher output and impact

copyright - a set of exclusive rights awarded to a copyright holder for an original and creative work of authorship fixed in a tangible medium of expression

digital humanities - an interdisciplinary field of study that focuses on the social and cultural aspects of technology and media

digital object identifier (DOI) - a persistent alphanumeric identifier given to digital objects, commonly articles in scholarly journals, that ensures access to the object regardless of changes to its location (e.g., URL) or metadata

digital repository - a type of content management system that stores, manages, and preserves digital content so that it can later be searched and retrieved, in order to support research and learning

digital scholarship - a broad term referring to the use of technologies in the digital world for scholarly activities, like research, communication, and writing

double-dipping - when a journal has an article processing charge (APC) for publishing an author’s work, as well as requiring payment (usually through a subscription fee) by the potential user of the work

hybrid journal - journals that offer authors a choice between publishing their work behind a paywall for no cost or paying an article processing charge (APC) to make their work available open access

impact factor - a journal-level metric, that is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of a journal within its field. It is calculated based on the number of times articles in a journal have been cited over a certain period

institutional repository - an online database or archive that provides access to digital collections, such as electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs), pre-prints, or faculty scholarship, and presents associated metadata regarding the these items; a digital repository designed to collect the intellectual output of a particular institution or university

manuscript - a handwritten or typed document, an unpublished document, or an author’s draft of a book, article, or other work submitted for publication

metadata - data about data, i.e., information (or data) used to describe and provide access to information resources, especially Internet sites, electronic documents, and digital objects

metadata harvesting - the collecting of metadata from a digital object, collection, or repository

paywall - a financial barrier that an information provider (such as a publisher) places to restrict access and acquire revenue from an information user

peer review - the process by which scholars in a relevant field read and evaluate papers submitted to a journal

post-print - post-publication reproductions or copies of articles that may or may not differ in appearance from the published article

pre-print - a draft of an academic article or other publication before it has been submitted for peer review or other quality assurance procedures as part of the publication process (i.e., initial and successive drafts of articles, working papers, or draft conference papers)

predatory publishing - practices in which articles are published in exchange for fees; they lack transparency in their operations and misrepresent information about peer review, location, impact, editorial boards, and other elements of the publishing process

refereeing - the process by which scholars read and evaluate papers submitted for publication (e.g., to a scholarly journal) or presentation (e.g., to a scholarly conference)

scholarly articles - articles that describe the results of research and that authors give to the world for the sake of inquiry and knowledge without expectation of payment

scholarly communication - the creation, transformation, dissemination, and preservation of knowledge related to teaching, research, and scholarly endeavors